Last week I wrote about the context in which we give feedback and this week I want to point to two more resources which supply insights into the society we live in. Both provide insights for leaders about the context in which we lead. This is not just about organisational culture. It’s also about a wider culture.
The first resource is Walter Wink’s book The Powers That Be: Theology For A New Millenium. Winks has written extensively about what he calls the “powers” and this book draws together key points from a number of his books. Maybe one way to understand Wink’s book is to imagine as a human being without knowledge of the overall size and shape of our planet being taken into space and shown, for the first time, that our planet earth is round and part of a much wider system. Wink’s provides a compelling case for the idea that we live in a culture which favours violence (he calls it the domination system) and offers an alternative both to using violence to respond to violence and to a passive acceptance of domination by others. He calls this alternative to classic fight or flight the third way or nonviolence. I have heard that this book provided inspiration for Marshall Rosenberg’s book Nonviolent Communication: A Language for Life as well as for Rosenberg’s lifetime commitment to teach nonviolence. As a fan of Rosenberg’s work I found Wink’s book informed my understanding of this thing called NVC, too.
(Maybe it’s important to recognise in this posting that the subtitle of Wink’s book Theology for a New Millenium points both to Wink’s Christian faith and to the source of his interest. If you are what often gets called a practising Christian you may find that this book challenges you in your understanding of Christ’s teachings, providing new insights into some key events in Christ’s life based on an understanding of the historical context in which Christ taught people – for example – to “turn the other cheek”. And if you are not a Christian but simply someone who is seeking to understand the context in which you live and work I hope you will still read Wink’s book and draw insights from it).
Alongside Wink’s book, I recently came across the work of Anne Wilson Schaef and decided to read her book When Society Becomes An Addict. Schaef is also stepping a long way back to identify a systemic culture she initially called by gender-related names and in this book calls the addictive system. What fascinates me about this book is the link Schaef makes to the behaviours of the alcoholic. These include such things as seeking to control, lying, denial and confusion. And this makes sense to me both as cause and effect of living in what Wink’s calls the domination society. For if you are seeking to dominate you are unlikely to say “I’m telling you that I’m right and you are wrong because that gives me power over you and encourages you to comply” or “I am dismissing you or your ideas rather than look into them because I know my case is built on foundations that don’t stand up to close examination”. Equally, if you are subject to domination by others you may well experience confusion when faced with the obfuscation of a dominant other (from parent to boss) and you may well lie in your attempts to protect yourself from the punishments that are built into the system.
What’s this got to do with leadership? In truth, I hope this is readily apparent: as leaders, we may choose to perpetuate the domination system or to create something different. Goleman and his co-authors write about the impact of different leadership styles in their book The New Leaders. Perhaps another way of looking at it is this: Wink’s writing together with Wilson Schaef’s provide a context in which to read all sorts of writings about leadership. If you like, a planet earth view.